AVIONARY – THE REGION
51 Language Bird Dictionary of the Holarctic Region
Version 4.3 – January 2023
Compiled by: Ruurd Jorritsma
Site produced by: De WordPress Specialist
Starting south of the Cape Verde Islands eastward, the southern limit of the Avionarctic region runs roughly along the 16°N latitude line, to include most of Mauritania, and the northern arid parts of Mali to Sudan, and then south of the Arabian peninsula, through the Arabian Sea, Pakistan and Kashmir. From there, roughly the 32°N latitude line is followed, to include most of Tibet, the northern part of China, Korea and most of Japan, and then across the Pacific to arrive in California. Mainland United States isincluded entirely, and the southern limit of the Avionarctic region crosses the Atlantic south of Florida to the Cape Verde Islands.
Species that only have a single or even a disputed record in the region are also included, as well as some species which have no recorded occurrence (yet) in the region, but which are taxonomically or linguistically closely related to species from the region. Some selected families are extended to the Holarctic plus Africa, or even to the whole world. Details can be found in the Species Lists.
The regions of the world where a species regularly occurs are presented indicatively under the heading “Geo”, as follows:
WPal: Western Palaearctic within the conventional limits: Europe, Northern Africa (South to about 21 °N), Middle East
rWP: Rare to more regular visitors to the Western Palaearctic
CPal: Central Palaearctic: Western and Central Siberia, Turkestan, Iran, Afghanistan, most of Pakistan; when both WPal and EPal are covered, CPal is not mentioned
EPal: Far-Eastern Palaearctic: Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, China except its South-East, Korea, Japan
Afr: Africa South of the Sahara (21°N)
Arab: Arabian peninsula; when the species occurs both in Afr and CPal, Arab is not mentioned
Ori: Oriental (Indo-Malayan): from Eastern Pakistan to Indonesia and South-Eastern China
Aus: Australia and its neighbours
NAm: North America: Canada, Greenland, Alaska, Northern Mexico
CAm: Middle America: from North-Central Mexico to Panama, Caribbean; when both NAm en SAm are included, CAm is not mentioned
SAm: South America
(S)AtlO: (Southern) Atlantic Ocean
(S)IndO: (Southern) Indian Ocean
(S)PacO: (Southern) Pacific Ocean
SOc: Southern Oceans, Antarctica